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- Network Working Group R. Rivest
- Request for Comments: 1186 MIT Laboratory for Computer Science
- October 1990
-
-
- The MD4 Message Digest Algorithm
-
- Status of this Memo
-
- This RFC is the specification of the MD4 Digest Algorithm. If you
- are going to implement MD4, it is suggested you do it this way. This
- memo is for informational use and does not constitute a standard.
- Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
-
- Table of Contents
-
- 1. Abstract .................................................... 1
- 2. Terminology and Notation .................................... 2
- 3. MD4 Algorithm Description ................................... 2
- 4. Extensions .................................................. 6
- 5. Summary ..................................................... 7
- 6. Acknowledgements ............................................ 7
- APPENDIX - Reference Implementation ............................. 7
- Security Considerations.......................................... 18
- Author's Address................................................. 18
-
- 1. Abstract
-
- This note describes the MD4 message digest algorithm. The algorithm
- takes as input an input message of arbitrary length and produces as
- output a 128-bit "fingerprint" or "message digest" of the input. It
- is conjectured that it is computationally infeasible to produce two
- messages having the same message digest, or to produce any message
- having a given prespecified target message digest. The MD4 algorithm
- is thus ideal for digital signature applications, where a large file
- must be "compressed" in a secure manner before being signed with the
- RSA public-key cryptosystem.
-
- The MD4 algorithm is designed to be quite fast on 32-bit machines.
- On a SUN Sparc station, MD4 runs at 1,450,000 bytes/second. On a DEC
- MicroVax II, MD4 runs at approximately 70,000 bytes/second. On a
- 20MHz 80286, MD4 runs at approximately 32,000 bytes/second. In
- addition, the MD4 algorithm does not require any large substitution
- tables; the algorithm can be coded quite compactly.
-
- The MD4 algorithm is being placed in the public domain for review and
- possible adoption as a standard.
-
-
-
-
- Rivest [Page 1]
-
- RFC 1186 MD4 Message Digest Algorithm October 1990
-
-
- (Note: The document supersedes an earlier draft. The algorithm
- described here is a slight modification of the one described in the
- draft.)
-
- 2. Terminology and Notation
-
- In this note a "word" is a 32-bit quantity and a byte is an 8-bit
- quantity. A sequence of bits can be interpreted in a natural manner
- as a sequence of bytes, where each consecutive group of 8 bits is
- interpreted as a byte with the high-order (most significant) bit of
- each byte listed first. Similarly, a sequence of bytes can be
- interpreted as a sequence of 32-bit words, where each consecutive
- group of 4 bytes is interpreted as a word with the low-order (least
- significant) byte given first.
-
- Let x_i denote "x sub i". If the subscript is an expression, we
- surround it in braces, as in x_{i+1}. Similarly, we use ^ for
- superscripts (exponentiation), so that x^i denotes x to the i-th
- power.
-
- Let the symbol "+" denote addition of words (i.e., modulo- 2^32
- addition). Let X <<< s denote the 32-bit value obtained by circularly
- shifting (rotating) X left by s bit positions. Let not(X) denote the
- bit-wise complement of X, and let X v Y denote the bit-wise OR of X
- and Y. Let X xor Y denote the bit-wise XOR of X and Y, and let XY
- denote the bit-wise AND of X and Y.
-
- 3. MD4 Algorithm Description
-
- We begin by supposing that we have a b-bit message as input, and that
- we wish to find its message digest. Here b is an arbitrary
- nonnegative integer; b may be zero, it need not be a multiple of 8,
- and it may be arbitrarily large. We imagine the bits of the message
- written down as follows:
-
- m_0 m_1 ... m_{b-1} .
-
- The following five steps are performed to compute the message digest
- of the message.
-
- Step 1. Append padding bits
-
- The message is "padded" (extended) so that its length (in bits)
- is congruent to 448, modulo 512. That is, the message is
- extended so that it is just 64 bits shy of being a multiple of
- 512 bits long. Padding is always performed, even if the length
- of the message is already congruent to 448, modulo 512 (in
- which case 512 bits of padding are added).
-
-
-
- Rivest [Page 2]
-
- RFC 1186 MD4 Message Digest Algorithm October 1990
-
-
- Padding is performed as follows: a single "1" bit is appended
- to the message, and then enough zero bits are appended so that
- the length in bits of the padded message becomes congruent to
- 448, modulo 512.
-
- Step 2. Append length
-
- A 64-bit representation of b (the length of the message before
- the padding bits were added) is appended to the result of the
- previous step. In the unlikely event that b is greater than
- 2^64, then only the low-order 64 bits of b are used. (These
- bits are appended as two 32-bit words and appended low-order
- word first in accordance with the previous conventions.)
-
- At this point the resulting message (after padding with bits
- and with b) has a length that is an exact multiple of 512 bits.
- Equivalently, this message has a length that is an exact
- multiple of 16 (32-bit) words. Let M[0 ... N-1] denote the
- words of the resulting message, where N is a multiple of 16.
-
- Step 3. Initialize MD buffer
-
- A 4-word buffer (A,B,C,D) is used to compute the message
- digest. Here each of A,B,C,D are 32-bit registers. These
- registers are initialized to the following values in
- hexadecimal, low-order bytes first):
-
- word A: 01 23 45 67
- word B: 89 ab cd ef
- word C: fe dc ba 98
- word D: 76 54 32 10
-
- Step 4. Process message in 16-word blocks
-
- We first define three auxiliary functions that each take
- as input three 32-bit words and produce as output one
- 32-bit word.
-
- f(X,Y,Z) = XY v not(X)Z
- g(X,Y,Z) = XY v XZ v YZ
- h(X,Y,Z) = X xor Y xor Z
-
- In each bit position f acts as a conditional: if x then y else
- z. (The function f could have been defined using + instead of
- v since XY and not(X)Z will never have 1's in the same bit
- position.) In each bit position g acts as a majority function:
- if at least two of x, y, z are on, then g has a one in that bit
- position, else g has a zero. It is interesting to note that if
-
-
-
- Rivest [Page 3]
-
- RFC 1186 MD4 Message Digest Algorithm October 1990
-
-
- the bits of X, Y, and Z are independent and unbiased, the each
- bit of f(X,Y,Z) will be independent and unbiased, and similarly
- each bit of g(X,Y,Z) will be independent and unbiased. The
- function h is the bit-wise "xor" or "parity" function; it has
- properties similar to those of f and g.
-
- Do the following:
-
- For i = 0 to N/16-1 do /* process each 16-word block */
- For j = 0 to 15 do: /* copy block i into X */
- Set X[j] to M[i*16+j].
- end /* of loop on j */
- Save A as AA, B as BB, C as CC, and D as DD.
-
- [Round 1]
- Let [A B C D i s] denote the operation
- A = (A + f(B,C,D) + X[i]) <<< s .
- Do the following 16 operations:
- [A B C D 0 3]
- [D A B C 1 7]
- [C D A B 2 11]
- [B C D A 3 19]
- [A B C D 4 3]
- [D A B C 5 7]
- [C D A B 6 11]
- [B C D A 7 19]
- [A B C D 8 3]
- [D A B C 9 7]
- [C D A B 10 11]
- [B C D A 11 19]
- [A B C D 12 3]
- [D A B C 13 7]
- [C D A B 14 11]
- [B C D A 15 19]
-
- [Round 2]
- Let [A B C D i s] denote the operation
- A = (A + g(B,C,D) + X[i] + 5A827999) <<< s .
- (The value 5A..99 is a hexadecimal 32-bit
- constant, written with the high-order digit
- first. This constant represents the square
- root of 2. The octal value of this constant
- is 013240474631. See Knuth, The Art of
- Programming, Volume 2 (Seminumerical
- Algorithms), Second Edition (1981),
- Addison-Wesley. Table 2, page 660.)
- Do the following 16 operations:
- [A B C D 0 3]
-
-
-
- Rivest [Page 4]
-
- RFC 1186 MD4 Message Digest Algorithm October 1990
-
-
- [D A B C 4 5]
- [C D A B 8 9]
- [B C D A 12 13]
- [A B C D 1 3]
- [D A B C 5 5]
- [C D A B 9 9]
- [B C D A 13 13]
- [A B C D 2 3]
- [D A B C 6 5]
- [C D A B 10 9]
- [B C D A 14 13]
- [A B C D 3 3]
- [D A B C 7 5]
- [C D A B 11 9]
- [B C D A 15 13]
-
- [Round 3]
- Let [A B C D i s] denote the operation
- A = (A + h(B,C,D) + X[i] + 6ED9EBA1) <<< s .
- (The value 6E..A1 is a hexadecimal 32-bit
- constant, written with the high-order digit
- first. This constant represents the square
- root of 3. The octal value of this constant
- is 015666365641. See Knuth, The Art of
- Programming, Volume 2 (Seminumerical
- Algorithms), Second Edition (1981),
- Addison-Wesley. Table 2, page 660.)
- Do the following 16 operations:
- [A B C D 0 3]
- [D A B C 8 9]
- [C D A B 4 11]
- [B C D A 12 15]
- [A B C D 2 3]
- [D A B C 10 9]
- [C D A B 6 11]
- [B C D A 14 15]
- [A B C D 1 3]
- [D A B C 9 9]
- [C D A B 5 11]
- [B C D A 13 15]
- [A B C D 3 3]
- [D A B C 11 9]
- [C D A B 7 11]
- [B C D A 15 15]
-
- Then perform the following additions:
- A = A + AA
- B = B + BB
-
-
-
- Rivest [Page 5]
-
- RFC 1186 MD4 Message Digest Algorithm October 1990
-
-
- C = C + CC
- D = D + DD
- (That is, each of the four registers is incremented by
- the value it had before this block was started.)
-
- end /* of loop on i */
-
- Step 5. Output
-
- The message digest produced as output is A,B,C,D. That is, we
- begin with the low-order byte of A, and end with the high-order
- byte of D.
-
- This completes the description of MD4. A reference
- implementation in C is given in the Appendix.
-
- 4. Extensions
-
- If more than 128 bits of output are required, then the following
- procedure is recommended to obtain a 256-bit output. (There is no
- provision made for obtaining more than 256 bits.)
-
- Two copies of MD4 are run in parallel over the input. The first copy
- is standard as described above. The second copy is modified as
- follows.
-
- The initial state of the second copy is:
- word A: 00 11 22 33
- word B: 44 55 66 77
- word C: 88 99 aa bb
- word D: cc dd ee ff
-
- The magic constants in rounds 2 and 3 for the second copy of MD4 are
- changed from sqrt(2) and sqrt(3) to cuberoot(2) and cuberoot(3):
-
- Octal Hex
- Round 2 constant 012050505746 50a28be6
- Round 3 constant 013423350444 5c4dd124
-
- Finally, after every 16-word block is processed (including the last
- block), the values of the A registers in the two copies are
- exchanged.
-
- The final message digest is obtaining by appending the result of the
- second copy of MD4 to the end of the result of the first copy of MD4.
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Rivest [Page 6]
-
- RFC 1186 MD4 Message Digest Algorithm October 1990
-
-
- 5. Summary
-
- The MD4 message digest algorithm is simple to implement, and provides
- a "fingerprint" or message digest of a message of arbitrary length.
-
- It is conjectured that the difficulty of coming up with two messages
- having the same message digest is on the order of 2^64 operations,
- and that the difficulty of coming up with any message having a given
- message digest is on the order of 2^128 operations. The MD4
- algorithm has been carefully scrutinized for weaknesses. It is,
- however, a relatively new algorithm and further security analysis is
- of course justified, as is the case with any new proposal of this
- sort. The level of security provided by MD4 should be sufficient for
- implementing very high security hybrid digital signature schemes
- based on MD4 and the RSA public-key cryptosystem.
-
- 6. Acknowledgements
-
- I'd like to thank Don Coppersmith, Burt Kaliski, Ralph Merkle, and
- Noam Nisan for numerous helpful comments and suggestions.
-
- APPENDIX - Reference Implementation
-
- This appendix contains the following files:
-
- md4.h -- header file for using MD4 implementation
- md4.c -- the source code for MD4 routines
- md4driver.c -- a sample "user" routine
- session -- sample results of running md4driver
-
- /*
- ** ********************************************************************
- ** md4.h -- Header file for implementation of **
- ** MD4 Message Digest Algorithm **
- ** Updated: 2/13/90 by Ronald L. Rivest **
- ** (C) 1990 RSA Data Security, Inc. **
- ** ********************************************************************
- */
-
- /* MDstruct is the data structure for a message digest computation.
- */
- typedef struct {
- unsigned int buffer[4]; /* Holds 4-word result of MD computation */
- unsigned char count[8]; /* Number of bits processed so far */
- unsigned int done; /* Nonzero means MD computation finished */
- } MDstruct, *MDptr;
-
- /* MDbegin(MD)
-
-
-
- Rivest [Page 7]
-
- RFC 1186 MD4 Message Digest Algorithm October 1990
-
-
- ** Input: MD -- an MDptr
- ** Initialize the MDstruct prepatory to doing a message digest
- ** computation.
- */
- extern void MDbegin();
-
- /* MDupdate(MD,X,count)
- ** Input: MD -- an MDptr
- ** X -- a pointer to an array of unsigned characters.
- ** count -- the number of bits of X to use (an unsigned int).
- ** Updates MD using the first "count" bits of X.
- ** The array pointed to by X is not modified.
- ** If count is not a multiple of 8, MDupdate uses high bits of
- ** last byte.
- ** This is the basic input routine for a user.
- ** The routine terminates the MD computation when count < 512, so
- ** every MD computation should end with one call to MDupdate with a
- ** count less than 512. Zero is OK for a count.
- */
- extern void MDupdate();
-
- /* MDprint(MD)
- ** Input: MD -- an MDptr
- ** Prints message digest buffer MD as 32 hexadecimal digits.
- ** Order is from low-order byte of buffer[0] to high-order byte
- ** of buffer[3].
- ** Each byte is printed with high-order hexadecimal digit first.
- */
- extern void MDprint();
-
- /*
- ** End of md4.h
- ****************************(cut)***********************************/
-
- /*
- ** ********************************************************************
- ** md4.c -- Implementation of MD4 Message Digest Algorithm **
- ** Updated: 2/16/90 by Ronald L. Rivest **
- ** (C) 1990 RSA Data Security, Inc. **
- ** ********************************************************************
- */
-
- /*
- ** To use MD4:
- ** -- Include md4.h in your program
- ** -- Declare an MDstruct MD to hold the state of the digest
- ** computation.
- ** -- Initialize MD using MDbegin(&MD)
-
-
-
- Rivest [Page 8]
-
- RFC 1186 MD4 Message Digest Algorithm October 1990
-
-
- ** -- For each full block (64 bytes) X you wish to process, call
- ** MDupdate(&MD,X,512)
- ** (512 is the number of bits in a full block.)
- ** -- For the last block (less than 64 bytes) you wish to process,
- ** MDupdate(&MD,X,n)
- ** where n is the number of bits in the partial block. A partial
- ** block terminates the computation, so every MD computation
- ** should terminate by processing a partial block, even if it
- ** has n = 0.
- ** -- The message digest is available in MD.buffer[0] ...
- ** MD.buffer[3]. (Least-significant byte of each word
- ** should be output first.)
- ** -- You can print out the digest using MDprint(&MD)
- */
-
- /* Implementation notes:
- ** This implementation assumes that ints are 32-bit quantities.
- ** If the machine stores the least-significant byte of an int in the
- ** least-addressed byte (e.g., VAX and 8086), then LOWBYTEFIRST
- ** should be set to TRUE. Otherwise (e.g., SUNS), LOWBYTEFIRST
- ** should be set to FALSE. Note that on machines with LOWBYTEFIRST
- ** FALSE the routine MDupdate modifies has a side-effect on its input
- ** array (the order of bytes in each word are reversed). If this is
- ** undesired a call to MDreverse(X) can reverse the bytes of X back
- ** into order after each call to MDupdate.
-
- */
- #define TRUE 1
- #define FALSE 0
- #define LOWBYTEFIRST FALSE
-
- /* Compile-time includes
- */
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include "md4.h"
-
- /* Compile-time declarations of MD4 "magic constants".
- */
- #define I0 0x67452301 /* Initial values for MD buffer */
- #define I1 0xefcdab89
- #define I2 0x98badcfe
- #define I3 0x10325476
- #define C2 013240474631 /* round 2 constant = sqrt(2) in octal */
- #define C3 015666365641 /* round 3 constant = sqrt(3) in octal */
- /* C2 and C3 are from Knuth, The Art of Programming, Volume 2
- ** (Seminumerical Algorithms), Second Edition (1981), Addison-Wesley.
- ** Table 2, page 660.
- */
-
-
-
- Rivest [Page 9]
-
- RFC 1186 MD4 Message Digest Algorithm October 1990
-
-
- #define fs1 3 /* round 1 shift amounts */
- #define fs2 7
- #define fs3 11
- #define fs4 19
- #define gs1 3 /* round 2 shift amounts */
- #define gs2 5
- #define gs3 9
- #define gs4 13
- #define hs1 3 /* round 3 shift amounts */
- #define hs2 9
- #define hs3 11
- #define hs4 15
-
- /* Compile-time macro declarations for MD4.
- ** Note: The "rot" operator uses the variable "tmp".
- ** It assumes tmp is declared as unsigned int, so that the >>
- ** operator will shift in zeros rather than extending the sign bit.
- */
- #define f(X,Y,Z) ((X&Y) | ((~X)&Z))
- #define g(X,Y,Z) ((X&Y) | (X&Z) | (Y&Z))
- #define h(X,Y,Z) (X^Y^Z)
- #define rot(X,S) (tmp=X,(tmp<<S) | (tmp>>(32-S)))
- #define ff(A,B,C,D,i,s) A = rot((A + f(B,C,D) + X[i]),s)
- #define gg(A,B,C,D,i,s) A = rot((A + g(B,C,D) + X[i] + C2),s)
- #define hh(A,B,C,D,i,s) A = rot((A + h(B,C,D) + X[i] + C3),s)
-
- /* MDprint(MDp)
- ** Print message digest buffer MDp as 32 hexadecimal digits.
- ** Order is from low-order byte of buffer[0] to high-order byte of
- ** buffer[3].
- ** Each byte is printed with high-order hexadecimal digit first.
- ** This is a user-callable routine.
- */
- void
- MDprint(MDp)
- MDptr MDp;
- { int i,j;
- for (i=0;i<4;i++)
- for (j=0;j<32;j=j+8)
- printf("%02x",(MDp->buffer[i]>>j) & 0xFF);
- }
-
- /* MDbegin(MDp)
- ** Initialize message digest buffer MDp.
- ** This is a user-callable routine.
- */
- void
- MDbegin(MDp)
-
-
-
- Rivest [Page 10]
-
- RFC 1186 MD4 Message Digest Algorithm October 1990
-
-
- MDptr MDp;
- { int i;
- MDp->buffer[0] = I0;
- MDp->buffer[1] = I1;
- MDp->buffer[2] = I2;
- MDp->buffer[3] = I3;
- for (i=0;i<8;i++) MDp->count[i] = 0;
- MDp->done = 0;
- }
-
- /* MDreverse(X)
- ** Reverse the byte-ordering of every int in X.
- ** Assumes X is an array of 16 ints.
- ** The macro revx reverses the byte-ordering of the next word of X.
- */
- #define revx { t = (*X << 16) | (*X >> 16); \
- *X++ = ((t & 0xFF00FF00) >> 8) | ((t & 0x00FF00FF) << 8); }
- MDreverse(X)
- unsigned int *X;
- { register unsigned int t;
- revx; revx; revx; revx; revx; revx; revx; revx;
- revx; revx; revx; revx; revx; revx; revx; revx;
- }
-
- /* MDblock(MDp,X)
- ** Update message digest buffer MDp->buffer using 16-word data block X.
- ** Assumes all 16 words of X are full of data.
- ** Does not update MDp->count.
- ** This routine is not user-callable.
- */
- static void
- MDblock(MDp,X)
- MDptr MDp;
- unsigned int *X;
- {
- register unsigned int tmp, A, B, C, D;
- #if LOWBYTEFIRST == FALSE
- MDreverse(X);
- #endif
- A = MDp->buffer[0];
- B = MDp->buffer[1];
- C = MDp->buffer[2];
- D = MDp->buffer[3];
- /* Update the message digest buffer */
- ff(A , B , C , D , 0 , fs1); /* Round 1 */
- ff(D , A , B , C , 1 , fs2);
- ff(C , D , A , B , 2 , fs3);
- ff(B , C , D , A , 3 , fs4);
-
-
-
- Rivest [Page 11]
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- RFC 1186 MD4 Message Digest Algorithm October 1990
-
-
- ff(A , B , C , D , 4 , fs1);
- ff(D , A , B , C , 5 , fs2);
- ff(C , D , A , B , 6 , fs3);
- ff(B , C , D , A , 7 , fs4);
- ff(A , B , C , D , 8 , fs1);
- ff(D , A , B , C , 9 , fs2);
- ff(C , D , A , B , 10 , fs3);
- ff(B , C , D , A , 11 , fs4);
- ff(A , B , C , D , 12 , fs1);
- ff(D , A , B , C , 13 , fs2);
- ff(C , D , A , B , 14 , fs3);
- ff(B , C , D , A , 15 , fs4);
- gg(A , B , C , D , 0 , gs1); /* Round 2 */
- gg(D , A , B , C , 4 , gs2);
- gg(C , D , A , B , 8 , gs3);
- gg(B , C , D , A , 12 , gs4);
- gg(A , B , C , D , 1 , gs1);
- gg(D , A , B , C , 5 , gs2);
- gg(C , D , A , B , 9 , gs3);
- gg(B , C , D , A , 13 , gs4);
- gg(A , B , C , D , 2 , gs1);
- gg(D , A , B , C , 6 , gs2);
- gg(C , D , A , B , 10 , gs3);
- gg(B , C , D , A , 14 , gs4);
- gg(A , B , C , D , 3 , gs1);
- gg(D , A , B , C , 7 , gs2);
- gg(C , D , A , B , 11 , gs3);
- gg(B , C , D , A , 15 , gs4);
- hh(A , B , C , D , 0 , hs1); /* Round 3 */
- hh(D , A , B , C , 8 , hs2);
- hh(C , D , A , B , 4 , hs3);
- hh(B , C , D , A , 12 , hs4);
- hh(A , B , C , D , 2 , hs1);
- hh(D , A , B , C , 10 , hs2);
- hh(C , D , A , B , 6 , hs3);
- hh(B , C , D , A , 14 , hs4);
- hh(A , B , C , D , 1 , hs1);
- hh(D , A , B , C , 9 , hs2);
- hh(C , D , A , B , 5 , hs3);
- hh(B , C , D , A , 13 , hs4);
- hh(A , B , C , D , 3 , hs1);
- hh(D , A , B , C , 11 , hs2);
- hh(C , D , A , B , 7 , hs3);
- hh(B , C , D , A , 15 , hs4);
- MDp->buffer[0] += A;
- MDp->buffer[1] += B;
- MDp->buffer[2] += C;
- MDp->buffer[3] += D;
-
-
-
- Rivest [Page 12]
-
- RFC 1186 MD4 Message Digest Algorithm October 1990
-
-
- }
-
- /* MDupdate(MDp,X,count)
- ** Input: MDp -- an MDptr
- ** X -- a pointer to an array of unsigned characters.
- ** count -- the number of bits of X to use.
- ** (if not a multiple of 8, uses high bits of last byte.)
- ** Update MDp using the number of bits of X given by count.
- ** This is the basic input routine for an MD4 user.
- ** The routine completes the MD computation when count < 512, so
- ** every MD computation should end with one call to MDupdate with a
- ** count less than 512. A call with count 0 will be ignored if the
- ** MD has already been terminated (done != 0), so an extra call with
- ** count 0 can be given as a "courtesy close" to force termination
- ** if desired.
- */
- void
- MDupdate(MDp,X,count)
- MDptr MDp;
- unsigned char *X;
- unsigned int count;
- { unsigned int i, tmp, bit, byte, mask;
- unsigned char XX[64];
- unsigned char *p;
- /* return with no error if this is a courtesy close with count
- ** zero and MDp->done is true.
- */
- if (count == 0 && MDp->done) return;
- /* check to see if MD is already done and report error */
- if (MDp->done)
- { printf("\nError: MDupdate MD already done."); return; }
- /* Add count to MDp->count */
- tmp = count;
- p = MDp->count;
- while (tmp)
- { tmp += *p;
- *p++ = tmp;
- tmp = tmp >> 8;
- }
- /* Process data */
- if (count == 512)
- { /* Full block of data to handle */
- MDblock(MDp,(unsigned int *)X);
- }
- else if (count > 512) /* Check for count too large */
- { printf("\nError: MDupdate called with illegal count value %d."
- ,count);
- return;
-
-
-
- Rivest [Page 13]
-
- RFC 1186 MD4 Message Digest Algorithm October 1990
-
-
- }
- else /* partial block -- must be last block so finish up */
- { /* Find out how many bytes and residual bits there are */
- byte = count >> 3;
- bit = count & 7;
- /* Copy X into XX since we need to modify it */
- for (i=0;i<=byte;i++) XX[i] = X[i];
- for (i=byte+1;i<64;i++) XX[i] = 0;
- /* Add padding '1' bit and low-order zeros in last byte */
- mask = 1 << (7 - bit);
- XX[byte] = (XX[byte] | mask) & ~( mask - 1);
- /* If room for bit count, finish up with this block */
- if (byte <= 55)
- { for (i=0;i<8;i++) XX[56+i] = MDp->count[i];
- MDblock(MDp,(unsigned int *)XX);
- }
- else /* need to do two blocks to finish up */
- { MDblock(MDp,(unsigned int *)XX);
- for (i=0;i<56;i++) XX[i] = 0;
- for (i=0;i<8;i++) XX[56+i] = MDp->count[i];
- MDblock(MDp,(unsigned int *)XX);
- }
- /* Set flag saying we're done with MD computation */
- MDp->done = 1;
- }
- }
-
- /*
- ** End of md4.c
- ****************************(cut)***********************************/
-
- /*
- ** ********************************************************************
- ** md4driver.c -- sample routines to test **
- ** MD4 message digest algorithm. **
- ** Updated: 2/16/90 by Ronald L. Rivest **
- ** (C) 1990 RSA Data Security, Inc. **
- ** ********************************************************************
- */
-
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include "md4.h"
-
- /* MDtimetrial()
- ** A time trial routine, to measure the speed of MD4.
- ** Measures speed for 1M blocks = 64M bytes.
- */
- MDtimetrial()
-
-
-
- Rivest [Page 14]
-
- RFC 1186 MD4 Message Digest Algorithm October 1990
-
-
- { unsigned int X[16];
- MDstruct MD;
- int i;
- double t;
- for (i=0;i<16;i++) X[i] = 0x01234567 + i;
- printf
- ("MD4 time trial. Processing 1 million 64-character blocks...\n");
- clock();
- MDbegin(&MD);
- for (i=0;i<1000000;i++) MDupdate(&MD,X,512);
- MDupdate(&MD,X,0);
- t = (double) clock(); /* in microseconds */
- MDprint(&MD); printf(" is digest of 64M byte test input.\n");
- printf("Seconds to process test input: %g\n,t/1e6);
- printf("Characters processed per second: %ld.\n,(int)(64e12/t));
- }
-
- /* MDstring(s)
- ** Computes the message digest for string s.
- ** Prints out message digest, a space, the string (in quotes) and a
- ** carriage return.
- */
- MDstring(s)
- unsigned char *s;
- { unsigned int i, len = strlen(s);
- MDstruct MD;
- MDbegin(&MD);
- for (i=0;i+64<=len;i=i+64) MDupdate(&MD,s+i,512);
- MDupdate(&MD,s+i,(len-i)*8);
- MDprint(&MD);
- printf(" \"%s\"\n",s);
- }
-
- /* MDfile(filename)
- ** Computes the message digest for a specified file.
- ** Prints out message digest, a space, the file name, and a
- ** carriage return.
- */
- MDfile(filename)
- char *filename;
- { FILE *f = fopen(filename,"rb");
- unsigned char X[64];
- MDstruct MD;
- int b;
- if (f == NULL)
- { printf("%s can't be opened.\n",filename); return; }
- MDbegin(&MD);
- while ((b=fread(X,1,64,f))!=0) MDupdate(&MD,X,b*8);
-
-
-
- Rivest [Page 15]
-
- RFC 1186 MD4 Message Digest Algorithm October 1990
-
-
- MDupdate(&MD,X,0);
- MDprint(&MD);
- printf(" %s\n",filename);
- fclose(f);
- }
-
- /* MDfilter()
- ** Writes the message digest of the data from stdin onto stdout,
- ** followed by a carriage return.
- */
- MDfilter()
- { unsigned char X[64];
- MDstruct MD;
- int b;
- MDbegin(&MD);
- while ((b=fread(X,1,64,stdin))!=0) MDupdate(&MD,X,b*8);
- MDupdate(&MD,X,0);
- MDprint(&MD);
- printf("\n");
- }
-
- /* MDtestsuite()
- ** Run a standard suite of test data.
- */
- MDtestsuite()
- {
- printf("MD4 test suite results:\n");
- MDstring("");
- MDstring("a");
- MDstring("abc");
- MDstring("message digest");
- MDstring("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz");
- MDstring
- ("ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789");
- MDfile("foo"); /* Contents of file foo are "abc" */
- }
-
- main(argc,argv)
- int argc;
- char *argv[];
- { int i;
- /* For each command line argument in turn:
- ** filename -- prints message digest and name of file
- ** -sstring -- prints message digest and contents of string
- ** -t -- prints time trial statistics for 64M bytes
- ** -x -- execute a standard suite of test data
- ** (no args) -- writes messages digest of stdin onto stdout
- */
-
-
-
- Rivest [Page 16]
-
- RFC 1186 MD4 Message Digest Algorithm October 1990
-
-
- if (argc==1) MDfilter();
- else
- for (i=1;i<argc;i++)
- if (argv[i][0]=='-' && argv[i][1]=='s') MDstring(argv[i]+2);
- else if (strcmp(argv[i],"-t")==0) MDtimetrial();
- else if (strcmp(argv[i],"-x")==0) MDtestsuite();
- else MDfile(argv[i]);
- }
-
- /*
- ** end of md4driver.c
- ****************************(cut)***********************************/
-
-
- --------------------------------------------------------------------
- --- Sample session. Compiling and using MD4 on SUN Sparcstation ---
- --------------------------------------------------------------------
- >ls
- total 66
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 rivest 3 Feb 14 17:40 abcfile
- -rwxrwxr-x 1 rivest 24576 Feb 17 12:28 md4
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 rivest 9347 Feb 17 00:37 md4.c
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 rivest 25150 Feb 17 12:25 md4.doc
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 rivest 1844 Feb 16 21:21 md4.h
- -rw-rw-r-- 1 rivest 3497 Feb 17 12:27 md4driver.c
- >
- >cc -o md4 -O4 md4.c md4driver.c
- md4.c:
- md4driver.c:
- Linking:
- >
- >md4 -x
- MD4 test suite results:
- 31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c59d7e0c089c0 ""
- bde52cb31de33e46245e05fbdbd6fb24 "a"
- a448017aaf21d8525fc10ae87aa6729d "abc"
- d9130a8164549fe818874806e1c7014b "message digest"
- d79e1c308aa5bbcdeea8ed63df412da9 "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
- 043f8582f241db351ce627e153e7f0e4
- "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789"
- a448017aaf21d8525fc10ae87aa6729d abcfile
- >
- >md4 -sabc -shi
- a448017aaf21d8525fc10ae87aa6729d "abc"
- cfaee2512bd25eb033236f0cd054e308 "hi"
- >
- >md4 *
- a448017aaf21d8525fc10ae87aa6729d abcfile
-
-
-
- Rivest [Page 17]
-
- RFC 1186 MD4 Message Digest Algorithm October 1990
-
-
- d316f994da0e951cf9502928a1f73300 md4
- 379adb39eada0dfdbbdfdcd0d9def8c4 md4.c
- 9a3f73327c65954198b1f45a3aa12665 md4.doc
- 37fe165ac177b461ff78b86d10e4ff33 md4.h
- 7dcba2e2dc4d8f1408d08beb17dabb2a md4.o
- 08790161bfddc6f5788b4353875cb1c3 md4driver.c
- 1f84a7f690b0545d2d0480d5d3c26eea md4driver.o
- >
- >cat abcfile | md4
- a448017aaf21d8525fc10ae87aa6729d
- >
- >md4 -t
- MD4 time trial. Processing 1 million 64-character blocks...
- 6325bf77e5891c7c0d8104b64cc6e9ef is digest of 64M byte test input.
- Seconds to process test input: 44.0982
- Characters processed per second: 1451305.
- >
- >
- ------------------------ end of sample session --------------------
-
- Note: A version of this document including the C source code is
- available for FTP from THEORY.LSC.MIT.EDU in the file "md4.doc".
-
- Security Considerations
-
- The level of security discussed in this memo by MD4 is considered to
- be sufficient for implementing very high security hybrid digital
- signature schemes based on MD4 and the RSA public-key cryptosystem.
-
- Author's Address
-
- Ronald L. Rivest
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Laboratory for Computer Science
- NE43-324
- 545 Technology Square
- Cambridge, MA 02139-1986
-
- Phone: (617) 253-5880
-
- EMail: rivest@theory.lcs.mit.edu
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Rivest [Page 18]
-